RESUMO
Fully hydrogenated oils or hardfats are low cost and highly available products used in lipid technology while candelilla wax (CLX) is a well-known oleogelator that has been thoroughly studied over the last decade. CLX is capable of making a strong oleogel when used in very low concentrations (~1.5%) while hardfats need to be added in higher concentrations (>10%) to form a gel. Based on the molecular similarity between hardfats and CLX the aim of this work is to evaluate the use of CLX and various hardfats in combination to form stable oleogels. The hardfats used in this study in combination with CLX were crambe (HCr), palm (HPl), palm kernel (HPk) and soybean (HSb). The total concentration of oleogelator used was 5% and soybean oil was used as the dispersing media. The proportions of 0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25 and 1:0 of CLX:hardfats were studied. HPl and HCr fats formed a more stable and organized crystal network when used in all blends as shown by a shift towards to lower melting temperatures. However, G' and oil loss were close to CLX only when HPl was added in small amounts (0.25 and 0.5). The HSb fat presented similarity to CLX only for blend 0.25. HPk did not show any interaction with CLX due to the different triacylglycerol composition of this hardfat compared to the others. These results show that hardfats have the potential to be used in oleogel formulation especially when used in combination with CLX. The use of hardfats is attractive to producers since they are inexpensive and readily available and they can be used to reduce the total amount of CLX in food formulations avoiding the common waxy sensation associated with CLX formulations.
Assuntos
Compostos Orgânicos/química , Triglicerídeos/análise , Ceras/química , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos , Microscopia de Polarização , Reologia , Óleo de Soja/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
O berbigão Anomalocardia brasiliana é um molusco marinho muito consumido na região litorânea de Santa Catarina. No entanto, são escassos os dados na literatura sobre a composição em ácidos graxos e esteróis. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a composição lipídica do berbigão Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) coletados na Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Pirajubaé (REMAPI) de Florianópolis/SC, em outono e primavera. O teor de lipídios totais encontrados no berbigão foi de 1.21g por cento e 0.72g por cento no outono e primavera, respectivamente. Foram identificados e quantificados 20 ácidos graxos, sendo 6 saturados (14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 20:0), 4 monoinsaturados (16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 20:1) e 10 polinsaturados (18:2, 18:3, 18:4, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:4, 22:5, 22:6). Observaram-se ácidos graxos polinsaturados em maiores quantidades que os saturados e monoinsaturados em ambas as coletas: 40.7 por cento de polinsaturados, 30.8 por cento de saturados, 17.2 por cento de monoinsaturados no outono e 39.7 por cento de polinsaturados, 27.7 por cento de saturados, 13.7 por cento de monoinsaturados na primavera. O colesterol correspondeu a um valor de 94.38 mg/100g no outono e 76.75mg/100g na primavera. Entre os esteróis, também foi identificado o campesterol, estigmasterol e β-sitosterol, porém em quantidades inferiores ao colesterol. Estes resultados mostram que o berbigão é fonte não significativa de lipídios totais, apresentando baixos teores de ácidos graxos saturados e colesterol. A recomendação diária do berbigão oferece uma segurança alimentar em relação à ingestão de gorduras totais e colesterol e, portanto este alimento pode fazer parte de uma dieta saudável.
The berbigão Anomalocardia brasiliana is a marine shellfish which is commoning consumed in the coastal region of Santa Catarina. However, there are limited available data on the composition of their fatty acids and sterols. The objetive of this study was to determine the lipid composition of the berbigão from Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Pirajubaé (REMAPI), Florianópolis/SC, Brasil, during the autumn and spring. The total lipid content was 1.21g percent and 0.72g percent in the autumn and spring, respectively. Several fatty acids were identified and quantified, including 20 fatty acids, 6 saturated (14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 20:0), 4 monounsaturated (16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 20:1) e 10 polyunsaturated (18:2, 18:3, 18:4, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:4, 22:5, 22:6). There was a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in total than saturated and monounsaturated, regardless of season: 40.7 percent of polyunsaturated, 30.8 percent of saturated, 17.2 percent of monounsaturated in the autumn and 39.7 percent of polyunsaturated, 27.7 percent of saturated, 13.7 percent of monounsaturated in the spring. The cholesterol corresponded to a value of 94.38 mg percent in the autumn and 76.75 mg percent in the spring. Among the sterols were found campesterol, estigmasterol and β-sitosterol, but in lower quantities than cholesterol. These results showed that the berbigão was not a significant source of lipids, revealing low levels of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Berbigão is recommended for daily consumption as part of a healthy diet due to it is safe levels of fats and cholesterol.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos , Lipídeos , Moluscos , EsteroidesRESUMO
El gamma-Oryzanol, una mezcla de ésteres del ácido ferúlico de esterol y alcohol triterpénico, está presente en el aceite de salvado de arroz en niveles que varían entre 1-2 g/100g, donde actúa como antioxidante natural. Recientes investigaciones han demostrado que el gamma-Oryzanol causa una disminución en el nivel de colesterol en las arterias, reduciendo el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, además, también ha sido usado en Japón como antioxidante natural en alimentos, bebidas y cosméticos. Esta revisión aborda los aspectos referentes al gamma-Oryzanol, como sus propiedades físico-químicas, su presencia en el aceite de salvado de arroz, su actividad antioxidante e hipocolesterolémica, asé como los métodos de extracción, identificación y cuantificación.
